Death and Grief in Mid-Term Break :: Mid-Term Break Essays

In the poem Mid-Term Break by Seamus Heaney, the ideas of death, trauma, grief and finality are explored. The poem itself is as haunting as it is brilliantly executed. The poem depicts a boy arriving home from boarding school, to where he is informed of the tragic death of his younger brother, whose doomed fate indelibly marks the narrator, whom is the boy’s older brother. The boy recounts the experience of losing a loved one. The author has incorporated many elements and style in a subtle and distinct manner.    The poem depicts a boy arriving home from school, â€Å"moaning in the college sick bay† to hear the news that his four year old brother has been killed in an accident. Upon arriving home, â€Å"I met my father crying.† This shows how death can cause much grief and trauma, as well as confusion. Here we can see that the stereotypical roles of the parents have been reversed/exchanged, with the father crying, and the boy’s mother, â€Å"Coughed out angry, tearless sighs.† It can be seen/evident, that deaths were quite common, â€Å"He had always taken funerals in his stride.† But no-one expected the death to hit quite so close to home†¦ to the heart. And then we see the tables have turned; the parents no longer were the spectators of the funerals, now that their own flesh and blood had been taken away from them.    The theme within the poem is subtly expressed, with an almost childlike innocence.   The theme is set out in a simple manner, yet pays much attention to detail. The theme is one of â€Å"finality.† Hence the title playing a huge role   in the revealing of the theme. â€Å"Mid-Term Break† suggests finality†¦ of one’s life†¦. Time. Along with death brings finality, and along with finality comes the repurcussions of death, such as trauma and   grief for all involved.    The emotions of the poem are beautifully poignant, and this allows the reader to be transported to a world of different experience, such as the repression. The mood within the poem has   a somber touch with an eerie silence. The poem positions the reader to come away with mixed emotions- anger, grief, confusion†¦ all of which the topic of death brings with it. This leaves the audience truly captivated with the simple text that represents so much emotion.    There are many images depicted in the poem, which   is what ultimately draws the audience   into it’s graps/ The impenatrable, life-altering consequences of death and the secrets of adolescence bring the poem to life.

Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development Strategy Essay

Introduction Supply chain management adopts a systematic and integrative approach to manage the operation and relationship amongst different parties in supply chain one of the major issues is supplier development studies have investigated how quality management can be employer in supply chain management to influence performance in the whole supply network. (Mishra Rik, Patel G-Supplier Development Strategies, Data employment Analysis Business Intelligence Journal, January 2010 vol 3 No.1) There are 8 stages of implementation of supplier development 2.1 Identify critical commodities for development Managers must analyse their situation to determine whether Supplier development is important and if so which purchased commodities and services require the most attention. A corporate level executive steering committee must assess the relevant strategic importance of all goods and services that the company buys and produce a portfolio of critical commodities 2.2 Identify critical suppliers for development The managers must assess the performance of suppliers who supply commodities in the â€Å"strategic supplier category†. These commodities considered strategically important, as they might be difficult to substitute or purchase from alternative suppliers. 2.3 Form a cross-functional team A buyer must first develop internal cross-functional consensus for the initiative before approaching the supplies to ask for improvement such consensus will help to show a â€Å"unified front† and ensure that all buyer functions. 2.4 Meet with supplier’s top management team The buyer’s cross functional commodity team must approach the supplier’s top management group and establish three keys to supplier improvement, strategic alignment, supplier measurement and professionalism. 5 Identify opportunities and probability for improvement At these meetings with the suppliers executive should identify areas earmarked for improvement. Companies adopting a strategic approach to supply base development can usually agree upon areas or improvement .In some areas driven by final customer requirements and expectations. 2.6 Identify key projects After identifying promising opportunities of supplier development managers must evaluate them in terms of feasibility, resource and time requirements and potential return on investments. The aim is to decide what the goals should be and whether they are achievable. 2.7 Define details of the agreement After the potential improvement project is identified, the parties need to agree on specific merthies for monitoring its success. 2.8 Monitor status and modify strategies Manages must constantly monitor the progress and constantly exchange information to maintain momentum in the project. (http://www.ethenmanagementor.com.kuniverser/kmailer_universe/manu_kmailers/som-supplierdev1.htm. Accessed 15/09/2011) Different types Supply Chain relationships | |Transactional |Collaborative |Alliance | | |Relationships |relationships |relationships | |Communication |High potential for problems |Systematic approach to | | | |enhance communication | |Competitive |Low |High | |advantage |Independence | | |Connectedness |Little |Interdependence | |Continuous |Few | | |improvement | |A focus on | |Contributions to | | | |new product |Low |Many/early supplier | |development |Short |involvement | | |Reactive |Difficult/high impact | |Difficulty of exit |Price |Long | |Duration | Little or none |Proactive | |Expediting |Low |Total cost | |Focus | |High or total | |Level of integration |Many |High | |Level of trust |No | | |Number of |Incoming inspection | | |suppliers |Inward looking |One or few | |Open books | |Yes | |Quality | |Design quality into system | |Relations | |Concern with each other’s | | |Few/low skill level |well-being | |Resources |Minimal |Professional | |Service |No |Greatly improved | |Shared forecasts |Possible |Yes | |Supply disruptions |No |Unlikely | |Technology inflows |Tactical |Yes | |Type of interaction | |Strategic synergy | (Handfield RB; Monczka RM; Giunipero LC; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management; 2004 pg 123) Portfolio Analysis 4.1 Captive buyer Captive buyer relationship the supplier dominates the buyer and the buyer depends on the supplier. In these particular captive buyer relationships this dependence of the buyer is due to the unique intellectual property of the supplier. Because of this intellectual property the buyer has limited or no Substitutes to turn to creating a dependence on the supplier. Despite this dependence a high level of trust plays an important role in making this relationship fruitful for both parties. Apparently the dominance of the supplier is limited to the extent that the mutual trust stays intact. But the level of trust also has its limits from the supplier’s perspective. The supplier is not willing to trust the buyer with its intellectual property. The obvious reason for this is the risk that the supplier would lose its dominating position. Thus, the supplier has a special interest in maintaining its dominant position. The survey and interviews indicate that for captive buyer relationships the explanatory variables were the lack of substitutes, legal property rights and size of the supplier. Apparently the legal property rights of the supplier, and the resulting lack of substitutes, causes the buyer to depend on the supplier. These factors, combined with a supplier that is much larger than the buyer, results in a relationship that can be described as a captive buyer situation. (http://dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf ;Accessed 15/09/2011) 2 Captive Supplier Captive supplier relationship the supplier depends on the buyer and the buyer therefore overpowers the supplier. This unbalance of power can have one or a combination of factors: the size of the buyer and its market share but also the switching costs for the supplier contribute to the dependence of the supplier on the buyer. Despite the fact that the supplier has important intellectual property this is not sufficient to balance the level of power towards the buyer. To make this relationship a fruitful one cooperation and mutual goals are of great importance. Via these mutual goals the buyer does depend on the supplier to some extent, thus preventing the buyer from abusing its dominance over the supplier. For this reason, in a captive supplier situation the buyer will also invest (heavily) in the relationship but not to the extent that it loses it’s dominating position. While studying the captive supplier relationships, it became apparent that the Explanatory variables were market share, lack of substitutes, legal property rights, non-retrievable investments and the size of the supplier. These factors resulted in a captive buyer situation. Again the presence of legal property rights, this time of the buyer, causes the supplier to have limited or no substitutes. Furthermore the relationship involved significant non-retrievable investments for the supplier, making it even more difficult to switch to another buyer. Finally, the high market share of the buyer compared to the small size of the supplier was a significant factor. The net result of these explanatory variables is a captive supplier relationship. (http://dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf; Accessed 15/09/2011) 3 Interdependent Supply Chain members Some kind of starting point is needed for identification of supply chains. For instance, an end product of some kind may be used for identification and analysis of the activity structure organised ‘behind’ it. This is in line with the transvection concept coined by Alderson (1965, p. 92) who defines transvections as comprising ‘†¦all prior action necessary to produce this final result, going all the way back to conglomerate resources’. This, however, entails a first important connection among chains as they typically merge in different stages within an activity structure where different parts of the end product are assembled, welded etc, tying different chains together successively (Dubois, 1998). Consequently, several different products (and thus also several chains, if defined by products) are involved in every ‘supply chain’ resulting in some kind of end-product. Taking transvections, or end-product related structures, as a starting point we will further analyse the ways in which the activities and reso urces within ‘supply chains’ are connected by analysing how they are subject to the three forms of interdependence. (http://www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/4324.pdf ;accessed 15/09/2011) 5. Buyer /supplier relationship (Handfield RB; Monczka RM; Giunipero LC; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management; 2004) High Category Level Low Conclusion The concept of power should be at the centre of any study of buyer-supplier relationships. Power affects the expectations of the two parties over what commercial returns should accrue to them from a relationship. It also affects the willingness of the two parties to invest in collaborative activities. As important, it also affects the willingness of the two parties to share the costs of relationship-specific investments .It also affects the willingness of the two parties to share sensitive information. As a result, an understanding of the power relation which is often stable, with the relative stability should, from the point of view of the purchasing manager, inform both the supplier selection and the relationship management decision as he or she attempts to manage risk proactively. Bibliography 1. http://www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/4320.pdf 2. http://dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf. 3. Mishra Rik, Patel G-Supplier Development Strategies, Data employment Analysis Business Intelligence Journal, January 2010 vol 3 No.1 4. Handfield RB; Monczka RM; Giunipero LC; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management; 2004 ———————– |1.Leaverage: |2.Strategic : | |Captive Supplier |Mutual dependence | |The buyer has power |Trust is necessary | |Trust may be lacking | | |3.Routine: |4. Bottleneck | |Mutual Independent |Captive buyer | |Trust not necessary |The Supplier has power | | |Trust may be lacking | LowHighBusiness Risk

Cultural Autobiography Cross Cultural - 1649 Words

Alexus Williams Cultural Autobiography Cross Cultural Who am I? I come from a very big, loud, joyful and loving southern family from the town of Marietta, Georgia. We are proud African Americans who embraces every piece of black beauty from our hair down to the different shades of our skin. From a very early age I was taught self -love and that it is okay to be different because God did not make us to blend in but to stand out. I was taught to never judge a book by it s cover so I don’t. Never have I ever disliked or disassociated with someone based on their sexual preference, race or religion. I will never do that because to me, that’s discrimination. I wouldn’t want someone to feel less then what they are because of a preference I†¦show more content†¦Growing up I never knew that I was poor because my mother worked extremely hard to provide for my sister and I. I may not have had the latest but I had something, which was more than what some had. I come from a lower-class family who lived in low income housing with not the greatest environment around. Instead of adapting our environment, it was used as a teaching tool for motivation. It showed us exactly what we didn’t want for our lives. It was always instilled in us that it’s not where you come from but where you are headed in life. Meaning never let your circumstances determine who you are or limit your abilities. You can do anything you want in life if you put your mind to it. My family is primarily women, I witnessed the struggles you can face as an African American woman and how they have overcome and destroyed every obstacle in their path. They did things that many said they couldn’t do without the help of a man. They showed me to be independent and that anything I wanted in this world I could have. All I have to do was work hard enough to get it. There is a strong push for each new generation to be better than the last. This push is the reason that me and many of my cousins are college students and graduates achieving things that we could only dream of as a child. We are breaking down new boundaries that once stopped previous generations and setting new goals for the generations that follow. When it comes to the question of ‘what do I self-identifyShow MoreRelatedSemiautobiographical Work- Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza by Gloria Anzaldà ºa1286 Words   |  6 Pagestype of literary composition would be genre. The genres and literary forms for this book were put into the following categories: semi-autobiography, memoir, poetry (confessional versus conceptual), myths, subjective journalism, Mexican sayings (dichos), critical ethnography, historical narrative, personal narrative, and auto historia. This is a semi-autobiography and a memoir because it is a story of Anzaldà ºa’s life written by her that focuses on the memories of her experiences and feelings, andRead MoreThe Biology Building At The University Of North Florida1408 Words   |  6 Pageselements of both autobiographies and ethnographies. Specifically, autoethnographies are academic essays that are introspective and narrative-oriented looks at the self, much like autobiographies and mem oirs. However, autoethnographies are set apart from autobiographies and journals in that they join that introspection with ethnographic research methods concerned with connections between community and the self. 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Autoethnography ads the possibility to understand connections between the personal and also the cultural while also creates space for contemporary inquiry methods to be extended. In this autoethnographic text images I try to explore the more recent developments in authoethnography as a research method and also to photo write my self as a qualitativeRead MoreThe Woman Warrior: A Tale of Identity1972 Words   |  8 PagesThe Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Amon g Ghosts by Maxine Hong Kingston is a collection of memoirs, a blend of Kingston’s autobiography with Chinese folklore. The book is divided into five interconnected chapters: No Name Woman, White Tigers, Shaman, At the Western Palace, and A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe. In No Name Woman, three characters are present: Kingston, Kingston’s mother, and Kingston’s aunt. This section starts off with Kingston’s mother retelling the story of her aunt and herRead MoreEssay on Confusion in Landscape for a Good Woman677 Words   |  3 Pageswhat I find confusing is that Steedman gives us interpretations from so many different perspectives at once. We get the autobiography of the author, combined with stories about her mother and father and their lives. Steedman also provides the perspective of a historian, a cultural critic, and a psychoanalyst. She then goes further to critique the methods of historians, cultural observers, and psychoanalysts. Meanwhile, she intertwines bits of information about her personal life, some of which sheRead MoreAutomatism In The Rite Of Spring By Viktor Sklovsky1089 Words   |  5 Pagespreviously held beliefs, thoughts, or emotions related to the past and our modern world. This paper will examine some of these 20th century authors who used the technique of subjectivity in their works. The 20th century poet, Ezra Pound, used both cross-cultural and cross time references to re-present the past for modern readers. Typically, Pound’s poems are densely packed with subjective allusions related to the themes of history, literature, politics, economics, and culture. Following Pound’s move from AmericaRead MoreCHARLOTTE BRONTE AS A HIDDEN WRITER INTRODUCTION Charlotte bronte was an English novelist and poet800 Words   |  4 Pagesname Currer Bell. An autobiography was published .it tells the story of a plain governess who after early life difficulties, fall in love with her employer. Charlotte believed that art was most convincing when based on personal experience. In jane eyre she transformed the experience into a novel with a universal appeal. Villette was charlotte bronte’s fourth novel . Villette is celebrated as an exploration of gender roles and repressions. Villette also explores isolation and cross culture conflict.Read MoreEssay on Colonial Oppression of Women1123 Words   |  5 PagesColonial and Postcolonial debates along with the issues of Feminism have always been challenging discourses. The present day world with the constant cultural encounters and clashes as well as the ideas regarding pluralism and multiculturalism motivates a curiosity on the part of the onlooker to search the answer to the question who is who in todays world when there is a continuous struggle between different countries not only politically and militarily but also culturally. In this situation theRead MoreAutobiography of a Face: Lucy Grealy1611 Words   |  7 PagesAutobiography of a Face: Lucy Grealy The psychology of beauty is complex not just because the concept of beauty is as yet undefined, but also because it is largely true that beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder or how individuals perceive other people or things. 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Biography Of Andrew Jackson s Role Of Rebuilding The...

Mary Barukh Mr. Mutz U.S. History/ Block G 15 December 2015 Fall Final: 75 Years in the Making; 1865- 1940 Hello America, I have been a part of this great nation for 80 years. From the time I took my first breath as a baby to this exact moment of 1940. Over the years, I have traveled to experience and witness life changing events. Due to my past, I have gained a true sense of what it means to be an American. And believe me, America is something to be proud of. When I was little, Andrew Jackson was president. He took Abraham Lincoln’s role of rebuilding the South when he was assassinated. Even though America was morning the loss of Lincoln, Jackson stepped up. In May of 1865, he made an announcement about his plans for the reconstruction. Jackson believed in the Union and in State Right’s. Under Johnson’s plan all the land was taken away from the freed slaves and were given back to the previous owner before the war. With his promised loyalty to the Union and paying off the war debts, he gave state governments permission to rebuild. This led to a series of the â€Å"black codes† law. This limited what freed slaved were allowed to do. A year later the Freemans Bureau and the Civil Rights Act was created to help freed slaves. This became the first Act to ignore the president’s veto. Four years later, Congress approved the 15th amendment. It promised that citizens cannot be denied the right to vote no matter t heir race, color, or if they were previously a slave. Due to the

The Rhetorical Force of Landscape Art Essay - 1502 Words

The Rhetorical Force of Landscape Art Why talk about a rhetoric of images? The most obvious answer is that we live in an image-saturated society and a relevant rhetoric must pay attention to images, that W. J. T. Mitchell is right when he suggests that the rhetorical turn is being displaced by the pictorial turn. Beyond the obvious, the answers are multiple and layered. I want to suggest some answers by looking at some old pictures: Carleton Watkins landscape photographs of Yosemite and William Henry Jacksons landscape photographs and Thomas Morans water colors and paintings of Yellowstone. At a basic level, if rhetoric is, at the very least, about persuasion in conventional politics, images merit a look and have†¦show more content†¦Moran and Jackson accompanied the U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories to Yellowstone in 1871. Their presence was not accidental. Jackson had recently become a permanent member of the expedition. Moran was sent with the backing of the Northern Pacific Railroad and Scribners to join the expedition. Ferdinand Hayden, the expeditions leader, was aware of the value of public relations and was also under orders from the Secretary of the Interior to secure as full material as possible for the illustration of your final report, such as sketches, photographs, etc.,(quoted in Kinsey, 1992, p. 49). As photographer Jackson recalled, No photographs had as yet been published, and Dr. Hayden was determined that the first ones should be good. A series of fine pictures would not only supplement his final report but tell the story to thousands who might never read it (1940, p. 196). Jacksons photographs and Morans watercolors and illustrations were instrumental in the successful lobbying effort to get Congress to designate Yellowstone the countrys first national park. More significantly, I contend that the landscape art of Watkins, Jackson, and Moran are not merely evidence in a conventional political argument. They are not simply representing reality or making an argument aboutShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Wild Swans At Coole 1004 Words   |  5 Pagesthe increasingly complex form of his poetry which challenges existing perspectives on mortality as well as philosophy on beauty and art in order to find new ways of perceiving the world. In ‘Wild Swans at Coole’ (1919), Yeats urges his readers to discover the inevitability of mortality through the guidance of his personal questioning; transience of natural beauty and art also encompasses an aspect of his search for truth. ‘Among School Children’ (1928) is a continuation of Yeats’ searching process asRead More Comparing Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Our Time1278 Words   |  6 Pagesand minds of their audience.    The authors must bring middle class white readers as close to the slave plantation or the Ghetto or the prison cell as possible. For this reason, both authors refer to the reader with questions. This rhetorical device forces the reader to place herself in the situation of the main character. For example, when discussing the abuse she took from her master, Dr. flint, Jacobs asks, But where could I turn for protection?(477). Jacobs needs to make the reader understandRead MoreA Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful: Edmund Burke1299 Words   |  6 PagesBeautiful and Sublime†, provide important reflections on literature and nature. These contributions and distinctions have remained in force even after the systematization of aesthetic notions that are carried out in modern times. As it can be appreciated, the history of the sublime is as ancient as philosophy. But ultimately the art is which gives life to the sublime: an art that is manifested not only in the great works but also in the phenomena of the sensible world, as well as in the proposals andRead MoreComparison Between Roman And Roman Civilization1565 Words   |  7 Pagesintelligence something could’ve been devised to limit it basic. Its irresistible dwindling of knowledge and its mindset all played a role in the effects of it. During years in pre-roman Greek republics along with local dynasties Tyrants and kings Motivated Art, literature with Science to such a degree that Civilized world that thickly dotted over with intellectual centuries. Conquest diminishes a greater part in a Psychological life. Roman Government subdued in Demoralizing in barely survived. To absenceRead MoreAmusing Ourselves to Death by Neil Postman1180 Words   |  5 Pages Neil Postman writes, Amusing Ourselves to Death to address a television-based epistemology pollutes public communication and its surrounding landscape, not that it pollutes everything. The book was produced in 1984 in a time where television was an emerging epidemic and other forms of communication that today have taken flight, didn’t exist. It is directed to people who have let television drag them away from their Focus and attention to comprehend as they have lost the ability to bring forth yourRead MoreThe Artifacts Of The Past2785 Words   |  12 Page sBecause the history of art is, for the most part, a history of theft; questions over its ownership are bound to ensue. So, how do we decide who owns art, and subsequently, history? Prevailing postcolonial ideologies, might characterise museums as imperial despoilers in which their possession of artefacts showcase the dispossession of cultural identity from the colonised, robbing the motif behind acquired objects. This works in conjunction with the idea that when an ancient work of art is removed from itsRead MoreThe Marbles : British Museum Loan3096 Words   |  13 Pagesthe topic for my major project, I realised that returning art to its country of origin, is indeed a complex issue. I felt that it was natural for nations to desire aspects of their past and connections to their ancestors returned. However, some of these nations had either long neglected their culture or honestly did not possess proper resources to look after these objects if restored. However, after researching be neath the surface of art repatriation and looking at each object on a case to case basisRead MoreCritical Metaphor Analysis Approach7941 Words   |  32 PagesTO 1987 CONSERVATIVE PARTY CONFERENCE IN BLACKPOOL V. CONCLUSION VI. REFERENCES VII. APPENDIX I I. ------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION Rhetoric is the art of persuading others. Persuation is an interactive communicative process in which a message sender aims to influence the beliefs, attitudes and behaviour of the message receiver( cf. Jowettamp; O’Donnell 1992:21-26) Persuation involves exploitingRead MoreContemporary American Poetry and Its Public Worlds Essay8159 Words   |  33 Pagesinadequate because the poets face a world in which the very gesture of seeking private space seems heavily mediated by the forces of therapeutic culture and the fantasies proposed in various kinds of advertising. For poetry to achieve cultural currency, in both senses of that term, it may have to find ways of reconciling the energies of romantic lyricism to overtly rhetorical ambitions and strategies. It will take me a long time to get to those ambitions because I first have to clarify plausibleRead MoreEssay on Happiness and Drought2705 Words   |  11 Pagesconversational and lyrical narrative. In the first two lines we are given the stage in which the dead man’s story is to be told. â€Å"The earth keeps some vibration going There in your heart, and that is you.† (ll. 1-2) This portrayal of Earth as a natural force can be read in two ways. On one hand, the Earth can be viewed as a natural source that produces the life of a human. But one cannot ignore the fact that Masters deliberately placed the words your and you in these lines. With these words Masters sets

Write a Short Describing the Role of Nutrition free essay sample

The process of digestion seems deceptively simple, matter moves into the body and continues down a conveyer belt like chain of organs that break it down completely before it leaves the body. However, the maintenance of such a system is complex and relies on a balance of pH and helpful bacteria to maintain homeostasis. Both acidic and basic pH’s are required at various points in digestion to maintain balance during the process. Saliva in the mouth, the starting point of digestion, is only mildly acidic for the purpose of initially breaking down the food without damaging the teeth or delicate throat tissue. The stomach, on the other hand, needs to be highly acidic to jump-start the breakdown process as well as act as a defense for the body against any harmful bacteria or other intruders. To balance things out on the basic side, it is important that the small intestine has a high pH, because most of the enzymes used in digestion cant function properly in an acidic environment. Helpful bacteria also are integral to maintaining homeostasis in the digestive system. It is estimated that the average human has around 500 species of helpful bacteria, also known as intestinal microflora, in the digestive tract, mostly concentrated in the large intestine. These bacteria aid in digestion, help produce vitamins, help formulate excrement and guard against harmful bacteria. When the bacteria population in a digestive tract is thrown off or decimated, the host will notice a change in the pace and quality of digestion. Microflora species have such a positive effect on their host that there are many products available, mostly yogurts, that contain material that supports intestinal microfloras growth and health. Homeostasis is a condition by which the biological / physical body is not lacking any nutrients and all needed nutritional components are readily available in their proper forms and amounts so every biological function can operate unimpeded. When various nutrients are lacking, some bodily functions will be undernourished. The essential bodily functions will receive their proper nutrients first so life can continue. Non-essential bodily functions will then suffer due to lack of all nutrients needed for their full function. Examples of non-essential bodily functions are: hair, skin, sexual function, muscles, tendons, vertebral discs, etc. Examples of essential bodily functions are: heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, etc. After the body has received all the nutrients it needs for the essential bodily functions, then the non-essential complaint receives its needed nutritional components and those complaints will usually resolve on their own. Water is essential to life and nutritional health. Humans can live for several weeks without food, but can survive only a few days without water. Water makes up a large percentage of the body, in muscles, fat cells, blood and even bones. Every cell, tissue and organ requires water to function properly. Water transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells, provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place, helps to flush out waste products, aids in maintaining a constant body temperature, and keeps the tissues in the skin, mouth, eyes, and nose moist. The body does not store excess water like it does with other nutrients. With physical exertion, water requirements increase; therefore, fluid replacement during exercise is critical. The longer the duration and the more physical exertion athletes put into their exercise, the more fluid they lose during workouts. To keep the body working at its best, it is essential to replenish lost fluid after workouts, and to stay well hydrated during exercise. The body can accommodate extreme changes in water intake when the brain and kidneys are functioning normally. It is usually possible for a person to consume enough water to maintain blood volume and electrolyte balance in the blood. However, if a person is unable to consume enough water to equal excessive water loss, dehydration may result. The body works to maintain water balance through mechanisms such as the thirst sensation. When the body requires more water, the brain stimulates nerve centers in the brain to encourage a person to drink in order to replenish the water stores. The kidneys are responsible for maintaining homeostasis of the body water through the elimination of waste products and excess water. Water is primarily absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and excreted by the kidneys as urine. Water intake can vary widely on a daily basis and is influenced by such factors as: access to water, thirst, habit, and cultural factors. The variation in water volume ingested is dependent on the ability of kidneys to dilute and concentrate the urine as needed. There is a reservoir of water outside of the bloodstream that can replace or absorb excess water in the blood when necessary. The following conditions increase water consumption needs. However, the amount of water necessary depends on body size, age, climate, and exertion level. Water needs are increased by; Exercise, High altitudes, Prescription drugs, Dieting and Illness. Individuals should not wait until they are thirsty to replenish water stores. By the time the thirst mechanism signals the brain to encourage a person to drink water, already 1–3% of the body fluids are lost and an individual is mildly dehydrated.

Security And Privacy Of Biometric Recognition

Question: Research into the different types of biometric systems which are currently available for access control systems. Briefly describe the techniques and technologies used for each type and discuss the advantages and disadvantages for the three types below. Give an example application when each type could be used. Answer: The biometric sensors or the gain access to control systems usually are classified into two kinds these are physiological Biometrics and the Behavioral Biometric.The physiological biometrics might include the following; face recognition, palm and gait recognition as well as the Iris recognition (Myers, 2017, pp. 43). On the other hand the behavioral biometric include the signature, voice recognition. Physiological biometrics Palm and gait recognition When it comes to the palm recognition there is a three dimensional image of the hand which is collected and compared to the stored sample. This device performs a great amount of the identification within a short time. These technologies are installed in the situations where there is a large number of individuals such as the airports (Prabhakar, Pankanti Jain, 2003, pp. 33-42). On the other hand this technology is expressed not only by the way an individual looks or sounds, but also the manner in which a person walks. The technology is applied to moving perambulatory subjects. This technology is useful especially in the surveillance (Ross Jain, 2004, pp. 134-145). Advantages They could be utilized in a range of the environment. They can perform a great amount of identification within a short period of time (Ross Jain, 2004, pp. 145). Disadvantage The performance of the technology could deteriorate over time. They have the added difficulty of having to sample and identify the movement especially for the gait recognition. Face recognition This kind of biometric computer application that is capable of identifying as well as verifying a individual from the digital image through comparing as well as analyzing the patterns. These kind of biometric systems are used in the security systems (Prabhakar, Pankanti Jain, 2003, pp. 33-42). The application works with the face prints and the systems are capable of recognizing 80 nodal points on the human face. Advantages The technology is capable of searching against the static image such as the driver license or even the passports. It is the only biometric which is capable of operating without the cooperation of the user. Matching of the accuracy is reduced as a result of the acquisition environment. Disadvantages Matching of the accuracy is reduced as a result of the reduced changes especially in the physiological aspects. Most of the devices are unable to enroll some percent of the users as well as performance could be deteriorated over time. Iris recognition In this kind of bio-metric the method used in identifying individual depends on the single patterns in the region of the ring shaped encircled the pupil of eye (Prabhakar, Pankanti Jain, 2003, pp. 33-42). Furthermore, it includes a blue, gray or brown color with the hard patterns which are recognizable when one looks closely. Advantages There are high levels of accuracy with this biometric This biometric technology can maintain stability of the features over some time. Disadvantage The disadvantage of iris biometric is that it has a propensity for the false rejection. The acquisition of the images entails some moderate attention as well as training. Behavioral Biometric Voice recognition This is a technology that is utilized to produce speech patterns via combining both behavioral along with physiological aspects which are captured through processing the speech technology. The significant properties that are utilized to authenticate the speech is the nasal tone (Ross Jain, 2004, 140). This biometric could be separated into the various categories based on the type of authentication domain such as fixed text method, text independent method or even the conversational techniques. Signature recognition This type of biometric method is used in analyzing as well as measuring the physical activity of signing the pressure utilized, the order of the stroke and the speed. A number of the biometric are utilized to review the visual images of the signatures. This biometric might be operated into alternative ways for example the static and the dynamic. Advantages and disadvantages of the biometrics Advantages Increased security: Biometric technology could offer a higher degree when it comes to the security as compared to the other traditional authentication methods. Increased convenience: the use of the biometric authentication allows higher levels of the rights and the privileges with a much success to the authentication (Myers, 2017, pp. 49). They allow an increase convenience since they can protect the data without any need for the human intervention. Increased accountability: the deployment of the biometric application to secure access to the computers as well as other facilities eliminate any occurrences such as the buddy punching, thus offer a higher level of certainty on who to access the system. Disadvantages There is tendency of privacy abuse due to the non-cooperative enrollment as well as identification capabilities. (b) Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) used on the Internet Communications anonymizers: These technologies usually hide the real online identity such as the IP address and the email address and then replace them with the non-traceable identity. These technologies could be applied to the email, web browsing, as well as the instant messaging. Enhanced privacy ID: It is a digital signature algorithm supporting anonymity. It provides a typical grouping public verification crucial related to lots of the unique private signature keys. The application was made to permit prove a device to the external party what type of the device it is without necessary revealing the exact identity. Access to personal data: This service providers provides the infrastructure that allows the users to inspect, correct or perhaps remove all the data that is stored at the service provider. Different types of threats and vulnerabilities which can be used to attack the WSN Denial of service attack (DoS) These occurs when the attacker continuously bombards the Access point which is targeted or even a network with the bogus requests, failure information, as well as the commands (Alam De, 2014, pp. 67). DoS attack is an event which diminishes or even eliminate the capacity of the network in performing the expected function through the failures of the hardware, bugs in the software, exhaustion of the resources, as well as the malicious transmitting of the higher energy signals . The communication techniques could be jammed entirely in case such attacks might be successful (Lupu, Rudas, Demiralp Mastorakis, 2009, pp.54). Other denial of the services attacks is much possible such as inhibiting communication through the violation of the MAC protocol (Lupu, Rudas, Demiralp Mastorakis, 2009, pp. 59). These might result in authentic end users to manage to get to the network and might cause the network in crashing (Ghildiyal, Mishra, Gupta Garg, 2014, pp. 1163). This attack generally rely on the abuse of the protocols for instance the Extensible Authentication protocol. How to mitigate the threat The technique which is used to prevent this attack includes the payment for the network resources, push back as well as a strong authentication along with the identification of the traffic. Moreover, there are some other techniques which are used in securing the reprogramming process such as the authentication flows (Lupu, Rudas, Demiralp Mastorakis, 2009, pp. 65). The choice for the DoS is to rekey the request packet. Therefore, it comes from the node only when two consecutive keys have been invalidated or lifetime of the key has expired. Sybil Attack: Wireless sensor network is vulnerable to the Sybil attack. In this case the node could be more than one node which is utilizing various identities of the legal nodes. A given single node could present multi identities to the other nodes which are in the network (Lupu, Rudas, Demiralp Mastorakis, 2009). Sybil attack it tries to degrade the integrity of the data, security as well as the utilization of the resource which the distributed algorithm attempts to achieve. Figure 1: The diagram show the Sybil attack How to mitigate the vulnerability This vulnerability could be mitigated through authentication as well as encryption mechanisms which prevent the outsiders from launching the attack to the wireless sensor networks (Ngo, Makihara, Nagahara, Mukaigawa Yagi, 2014, pp. 228-237). Moreover, the use of the public key cryptography could be used to avoid the insider attack. This method could be very costly especially to the resource constructed sensor networks. Identities need to be verified through use of the public key cryptography (Fragkiadakis, Angelakis Tragos, 2014, pp. 78). Other ways to prevent the vulnerability would be through use of the radio resource testing, verification of the key sets especially to the random pre-distribution of the key and the registration and position verification particularly in the sensor networks. Software attacks When it comes to the software program dependent attacks on the WSNs, the attacker might try making adjustment to the software code in the memory or perhaps exploiting the known vulnerabilities when it comes to the code of the software (Galbally, Marcel Fierrez, 2014, pp. 710-724). Example of a well known attack is the buffer overflow attack. In this attack the method attempts to store the data beyond the boundaries of the set length of the buffer, therefore results to overwriting extra data on the adjoining locations of the memory. How to mitigate the vulnerability/threat There are various countermeasures which could be employed to secure the WSN software and prevent it against software attacks they are follows: Authentication and validation of the software through remote software based attestation especially to the sensor networks. Defining accurate trust of the boundaries to the various components and users. Utilizing of the restricted environment for example the Java Virtual Machine (Rao, Rai Narain, 2017, pp. 4-8). Attestation of the hardware: It is the trusted computing group platform as well as the next generation acquire computing base that provides this kind of attestation. A more equivalent model might be utilized in the sensor networks (Kumar, Jain Barwal, 2014, pp. 859-868). Dynamic runtime encryption and decryption for the software program. This really is much like encrypting or even decrypting the data except that the code is running on the device which is being decrypted (Wu, Ota, Dong Li, 2016, pp. 416-424). This could prevent any kind of malicious user from exploiting this particular software. References Alam, S., De, D. (2014). Analysis of security threats in wireless sensor network. arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.0298. Fragkiadakis, A., Angelakis, V., Tragos, E. Z. (2014). Securing cognitive wireless sensor networks: a survey. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014. Galbally, J., Marcel, S., Fierrez, J. (2014). Image quality assessment for fake biometric detection: Application to iris, fingerprint, and face recognition. IEEE transactions on image processing, 23(2), 710-724. Ghildiyal, S., Mishra, A. K., Gupta, A., Garg, N. (2014). Analysis of Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks in wireless sensor networks. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 3, 2319-1163. 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